他们为啥不休假？(视窗·谁动了我的带薪休假(上)) They why not vacation?(Windows, who moved my paid vacation(On the))

　　带薪休假是劳动者的一项基本权利。但是，对许多普通人而言，不仅没能享受带薪休假，连周末等正常休息日也休不完整。“不敢休、不肯休、不能休”……面对加班工资、稳定“饭碗”和职场竞争压力，休假被排到了生活的最末端。劳逸结合、张弛有度的日子离他们很遥远。前不久发布的《国民旅游休闲纲要》提出，到2020年基本落实职工带薪休假制度。落实带薪休假需要如何发力？终日忙碌的上班族对带薪休假有哪些苦衷？近日，我们采访了几位平凡岗位上的劳动者。——编 者

Paid vacation is a fundamental right of workers.but,For many ordinary people,Not only failed to enjoy paid vacation,Hugh is incomplete and other normal day off this weekend also."Can't take/Is not willing to take/Can't take"……Facing the overtime pay/stable"Your job"And professional pressure of competition,Leave is to the end of the life.Mix a/Relaxation of the day is very far away from them.Shortly before the release of[The national tourism and leisure programs]Put forward,To the basic implement workers paid vacation system in 2020.Implement the paid vacation need how to power?What are busy working all the day of paid leave reason?In recent days,We interviewed several ordinary positions of laborers.- Ed.

　　

别人不休假，自己也难休 Other people don't leave,Oneself also difficult to take

　　“每天都处于随时待命状态，周末和节假日也不例外。有时候想休假歇一歇，但别的同事都不休，我一个人去休假，很担心给人留下‘工作不努力’的印象。”

"Every day in the standby state,Weekends and holidays are no exception.Sometimes want to leave and rest a while,But the other co-workers,I a person take a vacation,Very worry about leave‘Don't work hard’The impression of."

　　——上海媒体从业者 刘 莉

Shanghai media practitioners liu li

　　劳动法规定，我国职工每日工作8小时，平均每周工作时间不超过44小时。根据工作年限，每人还能享受5—15天的带薪休假。然而，在上海从事媒体工作的刘莉却很难享受到带薪假期的“阳光”。

Labor law stipulates,Our workers work 8 hours a day,Working hours are not more than 44 hours a week on average.According to the working years,Each person can also enjoy 5 to 15 days of paid vacation.however,Work in the media in Shanghai liuli is difficult to enjoy the paid holiday"The sun".

　　小刘的工作时间看起来比较固定：从早上8点半至下午5点半。由于要跑新闻，工作节奏也很紧张。“不是在写新闻稿，就是在跑新闻的路上。”

Xiao liu look more fixed working hours:From half past eight in the morning until half past five in the afternoon.Due to run news,Pace of work is also very nervous."Not in writing press releases,Is in the way of running news."

　　单位人手紧，对小刘和同事们来说，周末要出差或者外出跑新闻，也是常有的事。“我的手机要保持24小时开机，每天都处于随时待命状态，周末和节假日也不例外。”

Unit one purchase often-expensive,For liu and his colleagues,To travel or go out to run the news over the weekend,Is often the case."My cell phone to keep on 24 hours,Every day in the standby state,Weekends and holidays are no exception."

　　小刘说，周末加班的人不在少数。“同事们干活儿都很拼命，我也唯恐自己没干好落后了。”

Xiao liu said,Not a few people to work overtime over the weekend."Colleagues in all of them work,I also fear I didn't do well behind."

　　从大年初七正式上班到现在，小刘只休息过3天，“周末和节假日加班了，我也想申请补休，但我们是不能决定哪天休息的，要看部门的工作安排。”

From big NianChuQi formal work to now,Xiao liu is only 3 days to rest,"On weekends and holidays to work overtime,I also want to apply for a compensatory leave,But we can't decide which day to rest,Depends on the department's work arrangement."

　　按规定，刘莉工作已满10年，每年可享受10天带薪假，她也从来没休过。刘莉说：“有时候很想请假歇一歇，但一想到别的同事都没有提出休假要求，我也就‘不敢休’了。”一年到头忙忙碌碌的工作状态，她已经习惯了。

According to the rules,Liuli work has reached the age of 10 years,Can enjoy ten days paid vacation every year,She never divorced.Liuli said:"Sometimes really want to take time off to rest a while,But the thought of other colleagues are no vacation request,I also will‘Can't take’the."Year in and year out busy working condition,She has already used to it.

　　快节奏的工作节拍让很多人不得不快马加鞭。去年10月，某调查机构发布的调查结果显示，在全球80个国家和地区的1.6万名受访职场人士中，认为压力高于上年的，中国内地占75%，居第一位，大大超出全球48%的平均值。其中，上海、北京分别以80%、67%排在城市的前列。

The fast pace of work rhythm let a lot of people have to work fast.In October last year,According to survey results released a survey institutions,In the global 80 countries and regions of 16000 professionals polled,Think pressure is higher than the previous year,China accounted for 75%,In the first,Well above 48% of the world's average.Among them,Shanghai/Beijing to 80% respectively/67% ranked in the forefront of the city.

　　于潇在北京一家药店做行政助理。当初招聘时，公司说每年可享受5天带薪假期。但药店人手紧，又实行24小时营业，工作3年来，带薪假期从未落到实处。公司给出的解释是现在开药店竞争压力大，如果大家休息时间多了，利润就不能保障了。

In Xiao pharmacy do administrative assistant in Beijing.When hiring,Said the company can enjoy five days paid holiday a year.But purchase often-expensive pharmacy,Again for 24 hours a day,Work for 3 years,Paid vacation has never been implemented.The explanation was the company drugstore competition pressure now,If you rest time,The profit will not be able to guarantee.

　　于潇说，虽然自己从未休过带薪假，但周围好多单位都是这样。“现在休息下来也不知道干啥。除了上班，就是蜗居。为了将来在公司的发展前景，再苦再累也只能忍了。”她说。

In Xiao said,Although he had never taken a paid vacation,But a lot of around the unit."Now also don't know what to break down.In addition to go to work,It is humble abode.In the company's development prospects for the future,Again painstakingly again tired, also can only to endure."She said.

　　点评：大城市，人们面临比较大的生活压力，拼业绩、拼位子……在企业相对激烈的内部竞争中，年轻人或为了自己的职业前途，或为了维系良好的工作人际关系，常常“主动”放弃带薪假期，遭遇有假不敢休的尴尬。落实带薪休假，首先要为劳动者创造宽松的休假环境，认真落实相关法律规定，充分保护劳动者的休假权益，让劳动者安心休假。

review:In big cities,People's life in the face bigger pressure,Spell the performance/Spelling a seat……In the enterprise is relatively fierce internal competition,Young people or for the sake of his career,Or in order to maintain good working relationships,often"Take the initiative to"Give up paid holidays,A false can't Sue embarrassment.Implementation of paid vacation,First of all to create relaxed vacation environment for workers,Earnestly implement the relevant laws and regulations,Fully protect the vacation rights and interests of workers,To reassure workers on leave.

　　

收入靠加班，休假成奢望 Income by working overtime,Vacation to entertain wild hope

　　“在我们厂，加班费是每月收入的大头。有时，加班都要‘论资排辈’，有限的加班名额一般只分给老员工，新来的只能一边呆着。休假离我们太远了。”

"In our factory,Overtime pay is the lion's share of the revenue per month.sometimes,Overtime work will be‘seniority’,Limited places only commonly among older workers overtime,The new can only stay a while.Leave far away from us."

　　——江苏昆山产业工人 吴俊芳

- jiangsu kunshan Wu Junfang industry workers

　　周一到周五，在江苏昆山一家笔记本装配厂工作的吴俊芳每天要雷打不动地工作10个半小时。如果碰到“订单纷飞”的旺季，周末也要全部用来加班。遇上订单稍少时，则可能一周有一天休息时间。

Monday to Friday,Work in kunshan, jiangsu a notebook assembly of Wu Junfang firm to work every day 10 and a half hours.If encounter"Surrounding by the order"The peak season,Also want to work overtime this weekend.In order is a bit small,May be one day rest a week time.

　　即便工作安排如此紧密，吴俊芳的腰包还是鼓不起来：每个月底薪1600元，这是工作日中每天8小时的酬劳。但这样的底薪显然不够杂七杂八的生活开支，加班费是月工资收入的大头。为了多赚钱，她和同事们都愿意多加班。

Even if the work schedule is so tight,Wu Junfang pockets or drum:A base salary of 1600 yuan per month,This is eight hours a day in working days.But the base salary is obviously not enough jumbled living expenses,Overtime pay is the lion's share of the monthly salary income.In order to make more money,She and her colleagues are more than willing to work overtime.

　　吴俊芳坦言，加班也不是那么容易，“在我们厂，加班是要排资论辈的。有限的加班名额一般只分给老员工，新来的只能一边呆着。”

Wu Junfang admitted,Overtime work is not so easy,"In our factory,Working overtime is to row of theory generation.Limited places only commonly among older workers overtime,The new can only stay a while."

　　进厂的时候，工厂承诺，工作满一年后，员工每年有3天带薪假。可是，对于休假，吴俊芳根本没有概念，她只盼着加班：“周六、日最好可以加班8个小时，国家法定假日加班就更好了，3倍工资！”

When you into the factory,The factory promised to,Work is full a year later,Employees have a 3 days paid vacation every year.but,On holiday,Wu Junfang is not the concept,She only looking forward to working overtime:"On Saturday,/Eight hours, best can work overtime,National statutory holiday overtime would be even better,Three times the salary!"

　　2012年，全国就业人员达7.67亿元，其中城镇新增就业1266万人，达9年来最高水平。快速城镇化进程创造了庞大的就业大军，正是这些普通的劳动者，建起了一座座高楼，生产出一件件商品。然而，休假就会减收，像小吴这样不肯休假的人不在少数。

In 2012,,The national employment of 767 million yuan,Including 12.66 million jobs in cities and towns,Reach the highest level in nine years.Rapid urbanization has created a huge workforce,It is these common laborer,High-rise buildings were built,Produce the goods one by one.however,Vacation will reduce,Like xiao wu, who is not willing to leave.

　　在北京海淀区清河一新建小区的建筑工地上，捆钢筋、搅拌水泥沙子……建筑工人马师傅忙得不可开交。

Qinghe, haidian district in Beijing, a new residential area on the construction site,Bundle of steel/Mixing the cement sand……Construction master busy as a bee.

　　马师傅今年43岁，已有10多年建筑经历。近来天气渐暖，马师傅所在建筑公司的活儿就没停过。“年后施工旺季，从正月十六开工到现在，我还没休息过呢。”每天工作10多个小时，连轴转的工作多少让他吃不消，但马师傅希望多干些活儿。“咱这一行是多劳多得，休息一天就少挣一天钱，实在歇不起啊！”

Master ma 43 years old this year,Has more than 10 years construction experience.Recently the weather becomes warmer,Master ma construction company would never stop."After the construction season,Start from the 16th day till now,I haven't rest."Work more than 10 hours a day,How many let him unable to cycle to work,But master ma hope to do more work."The za is this line of work more,Take a day off one day money less,Really can't afford to rest ah!"

　　提到带薪休假，马师傅说，咱们这行实行的是“零底薪”，不工作，就没有收入，“周末休息都是奢望，哪里有‘带薪休假’啊。”

Paid leave,Horse the teacher said,We this line is a"Zero base salary",Don't work,There is no income,"Rest is expected over the weekend,Where there is‘Paid vacation’ah."

　　马师傅是家里的支柱。父母年事已高，病痛难免，妻子在家照顾上高中的儿子。“我现在是一个人挣钱全家人花。累得受不住时，我就想想老家的父母和妻儿，这样就有动力了。”

Master ma is a mainstay of the family.Parents are old,The hard to avoid pain,Wife at home to take care of the son of high school."I am now a people earn money to spend the whole family.Too tired to bear,I think parents and children of my hometown,So you have power."

　　人民日报法人微博系列调查“你一年能休几天假”结果显示，我国仅22.6%人能全休52个周末，还不到1/4；休52天以下占到21.2%，16.7%的人周末基本无休。

The People's Daily survey corporate microblog series"You can take a few days vacation a year"According to the results,Only 22.6% people can alternating 52 weekends in China,Less than a quarter;52 days off the following accounted for 21.2%,16.7% of people over the weekend the basic.

　　点评：在加工装配生产线、建筑队等劳动岗位上，计件工资、按日结算工资成了行规。这些靠自己双手获得收入的普通劳动者，要想获得相对满意的收入，只能夜以继日、加班加点。对他们来说，落实休假权，首先要改革工资发放制度，提高最低收入水平，不能让工资绑架了“假期”。其次，还要加大劳动监察力度，对随意挤占职工假期、延长劳动时间的做法给予严惩，督促企业自觉保护职工的合法权益。

review:In the processing and assembly production line/Construction crew labor positions, etc,Piece rate/According to the daily clearing wage is how it works.The income of ordinary workers on their own hands,In order to get a relatively satisfactory income,Only day and night/Work overtime.For them,To carry out the right to leave,Must first reform of salary system,To raise the minimum income level,Can't let wages kidnapped"During the holiday".The second,To increase the intensity of labor inspection,To use employee vacation at will/Prolonged labor practice of severe punishment,To urge enterprises consciously protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

　　

“饭碗”最重要，担心丢工作 "Your job"The most important,Worry about job

　　“年纪越来越大，找新工作的难度也越来越大。我想在现有的岗位上安安稳稳干下去，如果因为休假丢了工作，就得不偿失了。”

"Being older and older,The difficulty of looking for a new job is becoming more and more big.I want to go ahead on existing post of opening,If have lost their jobs because of holiday,Thed loss outweights the gain."

　　——北京面食厨师 路 鑫

Xin - pasta chef in Beijing road

　　一个月轮休两天，每天工作八九个小时。轮到夜班岗时，要到凌晨两点半左右才能下班。这样的日子，在北京一家面食餐馆工作的路鑫已经过了十几年。

Days off two days a month,Eight or nine hours a day.Turn to the night shift duty,To work until around 2:30 in the morning.Such a day,A noodle restaurant in Beijing work LuXin has passed more than ten years.

　　路鑫换过不少工作，也尝试过不同行业。如今，作为这家餐厅的面食厨师，他常常早班夜班连轴转。

LuXin changed quite a lot of work,Also tried different industry.now,As pasta chef of the restaurant,He often early night cycle.

　　“年纪越来越大，找工作的难度也越来越大。我想在现有的岗位上安安稳稳干下去，不可能像年轻时那么折腾了。”路鑫和同事合租在单位附近的一个单元楼里。“住得虽然挤了点，但总比以前的地下室强多了。”

"Being older and older,The difficulty of the job is becoming more and more big.I want to go ahead on existing post of opening,Cannot be so long when I was young."LuXin and colleagues sharing a nearby flats in the unit."Live though a little crowded,But total basement much better than before."

　　让路鑫感到安慰的是，他每个月工资都能按时发下来。遇上十一、春节等法定假日，还能按3倍工资算。

Make way for the xin of the pressure,He sends down every month on time.In eleven/The Spring Festival holidays, etc,Also can calculate by 3 times salary.

　　至于带薪休假，路鑫说：“在我们这行，通常都没有正式合同，虽然餐馆允许我每年休5天探亲假，可现在餐饮行业就业门槛不高，上门求职的人有很多。‘一个萝卜一个坑’，最怕是一请假，就很难回来了。”

As for the paid vacation,LuXin said:"In our line,Usually have no formal contract,Although the restaurant allow me to take home leave 5 days each year,Now food industry employment threshold is not high,There are a lot of the door cover.‘A radish, a pit’,The most afraid is ask for leave,It's hard to come back."

　　对许多普通劳动者来说，休假还是劳动权益中的“高档品”。与休假相比，他们更关心工资、福利等与自己生活关系更紧密的东西，如何保住“饭碗”是最受关心的问题。

For many ordinary workers,In the vacation or labor rights and interests"High-end products".Compared with the holiday,They are more care about salary/Benefits of closer relations with their lives,How to keep"Your job"Is the most issue of concern.

　　朱秀英今年45岁，曾是石家庄一家纺织企业的职工。单位倒闭后，她先在当地一家商店当营业员。从去年开始，经亲戚介绍，她应聘成为天津一家物业公司的保安，担任天津某大学的宿舍楼管理员。

Zhu Xiuying 45 years old this year,Once a textile enterprise's worker is shijiazhuang.The unit after the collapse,She first at a local store when a shop assistant.Since last year,The relatives introduced,She apply for the tianjin property management company security,As a university in tianjin, the dormitory administrator.

　　每天下午5点20分至第二天凌晨1点20分是朱秀英的上班时间。在这8个小时内，她不仅要负责来访人员登记，将楼内学生反映的各种问题登记并向上汇报，还要整理摆放楼外的自行车、上楼巡视等。

20 points to 5 PM every day on the second day at 1 p.m is Zhu Xiuying during work time.In the eight hours,She is not only responsible for visitors to register,Will building students reflect various issues and report to registration,To put the bike outside the building/Upstairs patrol, etc..

　　说到休假，朱秀英说，像我这么大岁数，能找到这么一份工作已经很不容易了，现在，公司对工作时间要求很严，请假都不敢提，何况休假。

Say to leave,Zhu Xiuying said,As I so big age,Can already very not easy to find such a job,now,Companies are very strict on work time,Leave all dare not mention,How much more a vacation.

　　朱秀英说：“我们不能迟到早退，基本每晚都会有人来查岗，发现迟到早退者一律扣工资。”为了避免被扣工资，她一直准时上下班。如果真有事情需要休假，就要损失当天的工资和饭补了。不仅事假如此，病假也照扣不误。“如果一个月内请假超过4次，绩效奖120元就别指望了。”

Zhu Xiuying said:"We can't late arrival,Basically every night on inspection,Finding a late arrival will be deduct pay."In order to avoid the deducted salary,She has to work on time.If there is a things need a vacation,Is about to loss the day's wages and food subsidies.Not only personal leave so,Sick leave and can't do it."If you leave a month more than four times,Don't expect a performance award of 120 yuan."

　　点评：劳动力供过于求，就业难，是带薪休假制度落实不到位的重要原因。由于资方强势，工作难找，担心因休假被抢走了饭碗，使多数劳动者在考虑是否休假时显得底气不足；不规范的劳动合同，更让不少人面临随时被解雇的无奈。只有不折不扣地履行好劳动合同，切实解决就业难题，带薪休假才能水到渠成。

review:Labor supply exceeds demand,Difficult employment,Is the important reason for the paid vacation system implementation does not reach the designated position.Because the management strength,Work hard to find,Fear was robbed his job for vacation,Make the most of the workers when considering whether to leave the trailing off;Non-standard labor contract,More let many people face dismissal at any time.Only faithfully fulfill their labor contract,Solve the employment problem,Paid vacation to follow.

　

　微评 Micro assessment

　　网友眼中的带薪休假 In the eyes of paid vacation

　　@豫商杂志：带薪休假是一个国家福利制度的体现，五一小长假也好，十一大长假也好，不如完善带薪休假制度，让大家能够享受更多带薪假期，不用集中在十一、五一，堵车、景区爆棚等问题也自然得到缓解。

@ yu shang magazine:Paid vacation is a reflection of a welfare state system,Five a small long holiday,11 long vacation,Improve the system of paid vacation,So that we can enjoy more paid holiday,Don't focus on 11/The May Day,A traffic jam/Scenic peaks also problems such as the natural ease.

　　@Cathy-芳芳：春节期间的七天假，上了四天班，只休了三天，还有两天是本来应该休息的周末。都说享受七天长假，哪里来的享受？

@ Cathy - fangfang:Seven days off during the Spring Festival,For four days,Just had a three days',There are two days is supposed to be the weekend to rest.All say enjoy a seven-day holiday,Where to enjoy?

　　@海上有潮汐：带薪休假，我们从来不执行，问其原因，答曰：没有单位执行。在以“计件制”为考核的制约下，休假意味着没有薪水，所以，很多人放弃休假，节假日休假还会少了三倍工资的薪水。

@ tide is on the sea:Paid vacation,We never performed,Ask the reason,answer:No unit.In order to"Piecework system"Under the control of for assessment,Holiday means no pay,so,Many people give up vacation,Holiday leave three times the salary will be less salary.

　　@我要说V：劳动者在“就业权”和“休息权”之间选择前者，这与维权成本较高、职能部门监察督查力度不够有关。

@ I say V:Laborer is in"Employment rights"and"The right"Choose between the former,This is the rights of cost is higher/Functional departments supervision supervision strength is not enough.

　　@黑色幽默不会笑：最近带薪休假话题很热，报道中总有这么一句“调查显示，休假条例出台后，机关事业单位和大型企业已经基本执行”。我很怀疑结论从何而来。本人所见，机关事业单位是没有执行带薪休假的，原因很简单：领导都不休，你敢休吗？

@ black humor do not laugh:Paid vacation topic is very hot recently,There is always such a report"According to the survey,After leave regulations,Have basic execution authority institutions and large enterprises".I doubt the conclusion come from.I can see,Authority institution is no implementation of the paid vacation,The reason is very simple:Leaders are endlessly,Do you dare to take??

　　@东曹掾属：休息也是发展的动力。人的休息权利应该得到充分保障，对休假的认识也应该做相应的调整，不能在“休假”和“不敬业”之间画上等号，提倡可持续发展，不应鼓励透支将来的一时拼搏。 (成 慧 王 丹 网友评论据人民微博、新浪微博)

@ cao we belong to the east:Rest is the development of power.The rest of people rights should be fully guaranteed,Understanding of leave should also make a corresponding adjustment,Not in the"A vacation"and"Don't work"On painting between the equals sign,Promote the sustainable development,Should not be encouraged to overdraw a struggle for the future. (A hui wang Dan comment according to the people's microblog/Sina weibo)